Currently, most protein therapies are administered via frequent intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular injections. In chronic diseases where patients require persistent management, these cumbersome, often painful and high-priced injections can create a major treatment gap.

From a technical standpoint, oral delivery of therapeutic proteins is challenging due to the enzymatic degradation within the gastrointestinal tract and poor absorption into the blood stream due to the proteins’ polarity and molecular weight.